{"id":2973,"date":"2020-08-04T10:56:42","date_gmt":"2020-08-04T06:26:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a6%db%8c%da%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\/"},"modified":"2021-12-19T15:59:07","modified_gmt":"2021-12-19T12:29:07","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a6%db%8c%da%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a6%db%8c%da%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/category\/transistors\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/a> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 DC \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f LED\u200c\u0647\u0627) \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\">\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a6%db%8c%da%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF\" title=\"\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a6%db%8c%da%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_pnp\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u00a0pnp\">\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u00a0pnp<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a6%db%8c%da%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1\" title=\"\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\">\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u06cc 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href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a6%db%8c%da%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_1_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86\" title=\"\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 1 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 1 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a6%db%8c%da%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_2_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1\" title=\"\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 2 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 2 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a6%db%8c%da%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1\" title=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a6%db%8c%da%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84\" title=\"\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 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ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a6%db%8c%da%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_PNP\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 PNP\">\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 PNP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a6%db%8c%da%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86\" title=\"\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646\">\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a6%db%8c%da%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86\" title=\"\u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646\">\u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" 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\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0648 \u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u06cc &#8220;\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634&#8221; (\u0642\u0637\u0639) \u0648 &#8220;\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646&#8221; (\u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639) \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1\"><\/span><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8046\" src=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Transistor-.png\" alt=\"\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\" width=\"399\" height=\"264\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 &#8220;\u0642\u0637\u0639&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0622\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0686\u067e \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639&#8221; \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B9\"><\/span><strong>\u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0635\u0641\u0631 (I<sub>B<\/sub>)\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0631 (I<sub>C<\/sub>) \u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 (V<sub>CE<\/sub>) \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634&#8221; \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B9\"><\/span><strong>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0639<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f(0v)<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 V<sub>BE<\/sub>&lt;0.7V<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0633-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0633-\u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a(\u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639)<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f(I<sub>C<\/sub>=0)<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">V<sub>OUT<\/sub>=V<sub>CE<\/sub>=V<sub>CC<\/sub>=&#8221;1&#8243;<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0627\u0632&#8221; \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8047\" src=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Cut-off-Characteristics.png\" alt=\"\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\" width=\"322\" height=\"205\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 &#8220;\u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639&#8221; \u06cc\u0627 &#8220;\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c V<sub>B<\/sub> &lt;0.7v \u0648 I<sub>C<\/sub> = 0. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 PNP\u060c \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9\"><\/span><strong>\u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u062a \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u00a0&#8220;\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646&#8221; \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9\"><\/span><strong>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8048\" src=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Saturation-Characteristics.png\" alt=\"\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\" width=\"317\" height=\"184\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 V<sub>CC<\/sub> \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0628\u06cc\u0633-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 V<sub>BE<\/sub>&gt;0.7V \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639)<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f (I<sub>C<\/sub>=V<sub>CC<\/sub>\/R<sub>L<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">V<sub>CE<\/sub>=0 (\u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0622\u0644)<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">V<sub>OUT<\/sub>=V<sub>CE<\/sub>=&#8221;0&#8243;<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647&#8221; \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u060c &#8220;\u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639&#8221; \u06cc\u0627 &#8220;\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634&#8221; \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f V&gt; 0.7v \u0648 I = \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 PNP\u060c \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f &#8220;\u062a\u06a9 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0628&#8221; (SPST) \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634&#8221; \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647&#8221; \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u060c \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 &#8220;\u0628\u06a9\u0634\u062f&#8221; \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 NPN \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u062f flywheel \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 EMF \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u062e\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c 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src=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/NPN-Transistor.png\" alt=\"\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af NPN \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0645. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc 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\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646&#8221; \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 &#8220;\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 (V<sub>CE<\/sub>) \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639 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\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0628\u06cc\u0633-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 V<sub>BE<\/sub>\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 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id=\"%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_1_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86\"><\/span><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 1 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc: \u03b2 = 200 \u060cIc = 4mA \u0648 Ib = 20uA\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0633 (Rb) \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 &#8220;\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 2.5 \u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8050 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Capture-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"58\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc: 82k\u03a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_2_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1\"><\/span><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 2 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646&#8221; (\u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 200 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0645\u067e\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 5 \u0648\u0644\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f Rb \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8052 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Capture1-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"63\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1\"><\/span>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8053 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Capture2-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"61\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u067e\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u06a9\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06af\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc AND \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc OR \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 5+ \u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 12 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u06cc 24 \u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 DC \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f (\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0647\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0633). \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84\"><\/span><strong>\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8054\" src=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Digital-Logic-Transistor-Switch.png\" alt=\"\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\" width=\"375\" height=\"196\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u060c Rb \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_PNP\"><\/span><strong>\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 PNP<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc PNP \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f (0v) \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 PNP \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 PNP \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 &#8220;\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646&#8221; \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u062a (LOW) \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_PNP\"><\/span><strong>\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 PNP<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8055\" src=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PNP-Transistorv.png\" alt=\"\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 PNP \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\" width=\"314\" height=\"261\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 NPN \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 NPN (\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639)\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 PNP (\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647) \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86\"><\/span><strong>\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 DC \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc &#8220;\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634&#8221; \u06cc\u0627 &#8220;\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646&#8221; \u06cc\u0627 &#8220;\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634&#8221; \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 &#8220;\u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644&#8221; \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f &#8220;\u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc NPN \u06cc\u0627 PNP \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0627 (\u03b2) \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 hfe \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u03b2 \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 100 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 50 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc 100*50=5000 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 200mA \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 200mA \/ 5000 = 40uA \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0632 1 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0645\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86\"><\/span><strong>\u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8056\" src=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Darlington-Transistor.png\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\" width=\"230\" height=\"365\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 NPN \u0641\u0648\u0642\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 &#8220;\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646&#8221; \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc&#8221; \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc DC \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0622\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u06a9 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 (V<sub>BE<\/sub>) \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f PN \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 1.4v \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86\"><\/span><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u067e\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u060c \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f &#8220;\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634&#8221; \u06cc\u0627 &#8220;\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b &#8220;\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646&#8221; \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b &#8220;\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634&#8221; \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0628\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0644\u0647 \u0648 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\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u06af\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 DC \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f LED\u200c\u0647\u0627) \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 AC \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1554,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[184,191],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.9 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 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