{"id":1571,"date":"2019-05-05T08:00:14","date_gmt":"2019-05-05T03:30:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%ac-%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%da%af%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2022-06-20T17:00:24","modified_gmt":"2022-06-20T12:30:24","slug":"%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%ac-%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%da%af%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%ac-%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%da%af%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u06cc + \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\">\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a 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href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%ac-%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%da%af%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86\" title=\"\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646\">\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%ac-%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%da%af%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%84\" title=\"\u0632\u0648\u062c 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title=\"\u0622\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u200c \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646\">\u0622\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u200c \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%ac-%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%da%af%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%87_ULN2003A\" title=\"\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 ULN2003A\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 ULN2003A<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%ac-%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%da%af%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86\/#%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_NPN\" title=\"\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 NPN\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 NPN<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86\"><\/span>\u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1811 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/darlington1-LOGO-compressor.jpg\" alt=\"\u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u0634 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 Sidney Darlington \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 NPN \u0648 PNP \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af 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(<a href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/category\/transistors-bjt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 bjt<\/a>)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%B2%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C\"><\/span>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 NPN \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Vbase = 0) \u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 Ib \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f 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\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 ON \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1812 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/darlington2-LOGO-compressor.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p>\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 Ic \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062f. \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 (\u03b2.I<sub>B<\/sub>) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06f5\u06f0 \u062a\u0627 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c\u200c \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86\"><\/span>\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/category\/darlington-transistor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 NPN \u06cc\u0627 PNP \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 TR1 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645 TR2 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 TR1 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 TR2 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 (TR1) \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 TR2 \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1813 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/darlington3-LOGO-compressor.jpg\" alt=\"\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 NPN \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 TR1 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 TR2 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u03b2 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 I<sub>b<\/sub>\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 I<sub>c2 <\/sub>+ I<sub>c1 <\/sub>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">I<sub>C<\/sub> = \u03b2<sub>\u06f1<\/sub>*I<sub>C1<\/sub> + \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub>*I<sub>C2<\/sub><\/p>\r\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 I<sub>B2<\/sub> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645 I<sub>C2<\/sub> \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 TR2 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">I<sub>B2<\/sub> = I<sub>E1<\/sub> = I<sub>C1<\/sub> + I<sub>B<\/sub> = \u03b2<sub>\u06f1<\/sub>.I<sub>B<\/sub> + I<sub>B<\/sub> = (\u03b2<sub>\u06f1<\/sub>+\u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub>) . I<sub>B<\/sub><\/p>\r\n<p>\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">I<sub>C<\/sub> =\u00a0 \u03b2<sub>\u06f1<\/sub>.I<sub>B<\/sub> +\u00a0\u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub> . (\u03b2<sub>\u06f1<\/sub>+\u06f1) . I<sub>B<\/sub><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0I<sub>C<\/sub> = \u03b2<sub>\u06f1<\/sub>.I<sub>B<\/sub> +\u00a0\u03b2<sub>\u06f1 <\/sub>. \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub> . I<sub>B<\/sub> + \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub> . I<sub>B<\/sub><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0I<sub>C<\/sub>\u00a0 =( \u03b2<sub>\u06f1<\/sub> + ( \u03b2<sub>\u06f1 <\/sub>. \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub> ) + \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub> ) . I<sub>B<\/sub><\/p>\r\n<p>\u06a9\u0647 \u03b2<sub>\u06f1<\/sub> \u0648 \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub> \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc TR1 \u0648 TR2 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u00a0 \u03b2<sub>\u06f1<\/sub> + ( \u03b2<sub>\u06f1 <\/sub>. \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub> ) + \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86\"><\/span>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u067e \u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u06f7\u06f5 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u06f1\u06f2 \u0648\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06f2\u06f5 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u06f8\u06f0 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u062a \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u067e \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06f6\u066b\u06f2\u06f5 \u0627\u0645\u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">I<sub>LAMP<\/sub> = P\/V = 75\/12 = 6.25 Amps<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06f3 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0645\u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0 \u03b2<sub>\u06f1<\/sub> = \u06f2\u06f5 , \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub> = \u06f8\u06f0<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">I<sub>C<\/sub>\u00a0 =( \u03b2<sub>\u06f1<\/sub> + ( \u03b2<sub>\u06f1 <\/sub>. \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub> ) + \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub> ) . I<sub>B<\/sub><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">I<sub>B<\/sub>\u00a0 = I<sub>C<\/sub> \/\u00a0 ( \u03b2<sub>\u06f1<\/sub> + ( \u03b2<sub>\u06f1 <\/sub>. \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub> ) + \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub> ) = \u06f6\u066b\u06f2\u06f5\/\u06f2\u06f1\u06f0\u06f5 = \u06f3\u066b\u06f0 mA<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645 \u06f3 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0645\u067e\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f \u06f7\u06f5 \u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0622\u0645\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u03b2<sub>\u06f1<\/sub> =\u00a0 \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">I<sub>C<\/sub>\u00a0 =( \u03b2<sub>\u06f1<\/sub> + ( \u03b2<sub>\u06f1 <\/sub>. \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub> ) + \u03b2<sub>\u06f2<\/sub> ) . I<sub>B<\/sub><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">I<sub>C<\/sub>\u00a0 = \u03b2<sup>\u06f2<\/sup> + \u06f2\u03b2\u00a0 . I<sub>B<\/sub><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%84\"><\/span>\u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u03b2<sup>\u06f2<\/sup> \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06f2\u03b2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06f2\u03b2 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0622\u0645\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">I<sub>C<\/sub>\u00a0 = \u03b2<sup>\u06f2<\/sup> . I<sub>B<\/sub><\/p>\r\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u060c \u03b2<sup>\u06f2<\/sup> \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 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\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 NPN \u0648 PNP \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f5\u06f0 \u062a\u0627 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u03b2<sup>\u06f2<\/sup> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0645\u067e\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 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\u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 Complementary \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\r\n<figure id=\"attachment_1813\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1813\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1813 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/darlington3-LOGO-compressor.jpg\" alt=\"\u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u06cc\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1813\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u06cc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 NPN \u0648 PNP \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u06f0\u066b\u06f6 \u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0644 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06f0\u06f0 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A2%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%E2%80%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86\"><\/span><strong>\u0622\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u200c \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/category\/embedded-microcontrollers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631<\/a> \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06af\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc DC \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc DC \u0631\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc \u0648 . . . \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 ULN2003 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 ULN2002A\u060c ULN2003A\u060c ULN2004A \u00a0\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06f7 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f5\u06f0\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0645\u067e\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u06f0\u066b\u06f5 \u0622\u0645\u067e\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06f6\u06f0\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u067e\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0646\u062b\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0622\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 ULN2003A \u0627\u0645\u067e\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06af\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc TTL \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a CMOS \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06f5 \u0648\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 ULN2004A \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0 \u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 SN75468 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%87_ULN2003A\"><\/span>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 ULN2003A<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc HIGH \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc LOW \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u067e\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<figure id=\"attachment_1816\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1816\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1816 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/darlington6-LOGO-compressor.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 ULN2003A \" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1816\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 ULN2003A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<p>\u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u06f8 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 (GND) \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06f9 \u00a0(VCC) \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0646 VCC \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06f9 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647 VCC \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 ULN2003A \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06f0\u066b\u06f5 \u0622\u0645\u067e\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06f2 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_NPN\"><\/span><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 NPN<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 DC \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc PNP \u00a0\u0648 NPN \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f2\u06f0 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 (NPN , PNP) \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. UNL2003 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/digighate.com\/category\/relays\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0631\u0644\u0647<\/a>\u060c\u200c \u0644\u0627\u0645\u067e\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f \u0648 . . . \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0632\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u0634 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0648\u0646 Sidney Darlington \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 NPN \u0648 PNP \u0627\u0633\u062a. 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